Sometimes names can be very enticing. For instance, “Montezuma’s Revenge” could sound like an exciting horror film. Moreover, names such as the “Dehli Belly” and “Hong Kong Dog” could also seem like enjoyable eateries. Despite how humorous and colorful these names may be, they are used to describe an irritable disease that is not as pleasant and colorful: traveler’s diarrhea.

WHAT IT IS

Traveler’s Diarrhea (also known as TD), affects on average 50 percent of traveler’s each year. As the most common illness amongst travelers, it is contracted by tourists while on vacation or visiting foreign countries. Once believed to be caused by change in climate, an increase in sun exposure, or excessive consumption of spicy foods, recent studies have proven that TD is caused by a bacterial infection. Some of the most common strands of bacteria known to cause the illness are Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (better known as E. coli). The bacteria can be contracted in a number of ways including:

• Using or drinking contaminated water including ice
• Consuming raw or undercooked foods
• Improper hand washing practices

CAUSE

When the bacterium enters the digestive system, it attacks the small intestines and causes an infection called Cholera. Once infected, the bacteria releases toxins into the upper intestine that causes an increase in the amount of fluid released into the intestines, thus producing severe diarrhea.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of TD include but are not limited to: abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, cramps, headache, nausea, vomiting, gas, fatigue, dry mouth, dehydration, bloody stools, consistent loose or watery bowel movements throughout the day (on average 5 or more), lack of energy, and fever. In some cases, individuals may develop a hemorrhoid.

These symptoms are typical of ordinary diarrhea that can be experienced in your home country. However, the difference between day to day diarrhea and TD essentially is in the root causes, length of the illness, and severity.

Ordinary cases of diarrhea are typically caused by indigestion and can last up to 4 days. Compared to TD, which is caused by a bacterial infection, the disease can last anywhere from 4 days to 2 weeks. TD is typically more severe than ordinary diarrhea because the body remains dehydrated for a longer period of time which can be fatal.   

TREATMENT

If experiencing diarrhea, whether it be due to indigestion or TD, it is crucial to stay hydrated. Severe dehydration can lead to death. Replenish as much fluid into your body as you can. Drink mainly water and any clear fluids you can see through. Avoid caffeinated beverages including soda, soft drinks, and juices as they contain a lot of sugar. Over-the-counter rehydration drinks such as Pedialyte for children is good and can suffice for adult consumption. Be cautious of sport drinks as they also contain a lot of sugar. If consuming one, be sure to dilute it with water. Get as much rest as possible so that your body is able to recover.

Over-the-counter medications are also available and can help to slow the occurrence of rapid bowel movement (diarrhea) if it is mainly the only symptom you are experiencing.  Such products include anti -diarrheal medications (Lomotil), loperamide (Immodium), and indigestion medications such as Pepto Bismol. However, if you are experiencing other symptoms including fever, bloody stool, and or abdominal discomfort, antibiotics may be needed. In such instances, over-the-counter medications may be of little to no benefit and may cause constipation. For high risk patients including children, the elderly, and individuals who may have diabetes or cancer, be sure to seek medical attention as any medications taken to prevent diarrhea may interfere with medication you are currently taking.

PREVENTION

The best way to prevent contracting TD is to avoid contaminated water and food. Be advised that taking anti-diarrheal medications is not recommended for consumption to prevent TD as it can cause constipation. Dairy products and raw seafood are high risk foods for contamination. Be sure that the water you consume, even to brush your teeth is filtered because even it could be untreated. Take bottled beverages with you as you travel. Travel size portable water purifiers are sold and could come in handy. If unable to locate a purifier, water can be purified by adding iodine drops or chlorine tablets. Such supplies can be purchased in a local camping store. Eating dry foods such as bread or fruits that you peel yourself should also be fine. Good hand washing practices are also essential. Just keep in mind when traveling before you eat or drink something, if it isn’t well-cooked, boiled, or peeled, you shouldn’t eat. Remembering this could save you a lot of time, maintain your health, and help you to enjoy your trip.

This entry was posted on Wednesday, February 3rd, 2010 at 3:42 am and is filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.